Neural stimulation is a field of research focused on using electrical or magnetic stimulation to activate or modulate neural circuits in the brain or nervous system. This technique has been studied for a variety of purposes, including treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and chronic pain; enhancing cognitive function; and restoring sensorimotor function in individuals with paralysis. Neural stimulation can be delivered invasively, such as through implanted electrodes, or non-invasively, such as through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Researchers in this field aim to better understand the mechanisms underlying neural stimulation effects and optimize its use for clinical applications.